![]() ![]() Remember to regularly test your alarms and replace the batteries when specified. However, with proper CO and gas alarm coverage, your family will be alerted when carbon monoxide is detected. It is important that after evacuating your house, to call 9-1-1 and don’t let anyone else in the home until the fire department gets there to resolve the situation.Ĭarbon monoxide leaks can be very scary because they are dangerous. Some symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headaches, dizziness, upset stomach, vomiting, nausea, chest pain, and confusion. Most carbon monoxide detectors will beep 4 or 5 times in a row every few seconds, and continue the process nonstop. This means your entire household should evacuate immediately and seek fresh air. When your carbon monoxide detector chirps 4 times in a row and pauses, this means it has detected unsafe levels of carbon monoxide. This meaning is probably the most self-explanatory. However, with today’s technology, the 10-year battery powered CO alarm can provide a decade of detection. This is because the sensor in the alarm will not work as well, and when it comes to detecting CO, you want an alarm with a high functioning sensor. There are 3 reasons a Carbon Monoxide (CO) Alarm will beep every 30 seconds. Even if the battery is still good, all carbon monoxide detectors should be replaced after 7 years. Most carbon monoxide alarms last between 5 and 7 years. First Alert also offers alarms with a 10-year sealed battery that will last the life of the alarm. These detectors provide you with peace of mind in the case of a power outage. There are plug in alarms with a battery back-up that could possibly last the lifetime of the alarm. It is important to make sure they are working, and the battery is still good. This chirp means it is time to replace your carbon monoxide alarm.ĭepending on the kind of CO and gas alarm you have, the battery life differs. If your smoke alarm beeps three times and then pauses briefly before. It is time to replace the batteries in your carbon monoxide alarm. Meaning of Beep and Chirp Sounds of a Carbon Monoxide Detector (First Alert) Dr. This means that carbon monoxide has been detected in the area, you should move to fresh air and call 9-1-1. Learn what each type of chirp from your detector indicates.ĭifferent Types of Beeps and Chirps from Carbon Monoxide Detectors: There are several reasons as to why your carbon monoxide alarm could be chirping. However, it is important to be educated to know how your alarm communicates with you. Having the proper amount of CO alarms helps you achieve peace of mind for the safety and protection of your family. ![]() Carbon monoxide alarms are a life saver.literally! Carbon monoxide (CO) is an invisible, odorless, and tasteless gas that is created from fuel burning appliances, such as your furnace or generators. ![]()
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![]() ![]() As an actor, he featured in the television revision of June Moon (1974) and has appeared as himself in the film Camp (2003). He created cryptic crosswords for New York Magazine in the late 1960s, and was screenwriter for the television series Topper (c.1953). He wrote the "Passionella" segment of The World of Jules Feiffer (1963), and additional material for Hot Spot (1963), The Mad Show (1966) and The Madwoman Of Central Park West (1979). He provided incidental music for the plays The Girls Of Summer (1956), Invitation To A March (1961), Twigs (1971), The Enclave (1973) and a new production of King Lear (2007) and songs for the plays I Know My Love (1951) and A Mighty Man Is He (1955). He also wrote the songs for the television production Evening Primrose (1966), co-authored the film The Last of Sheila (1973) and the play Getting Away With Murder (1996). "I was perfect," the witch sings, "I had everything but beauty, I had power, and a daughter like a flower in a tower.A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum (1962)īounce (2003) which later became Road Show (2008)Īnthologies of his work as composer and lyricist include:įor films, he composed the scores of Stavisky (1974) and co-composed Reds (1981), as well as songs for The Seven Percent Solution (1976) and Dick Tracy (1990). But what I love about it is partly that Sondheim had a way of writing these absolutely devilish, almost tossed-off melodies that I think of as Bernadettes - as in, "I'm pretty sure only Bernadette Peters can sing that exactly right." And "Ever After" has a bunch of them, mixed with playful rhyming that came to mind when I first saw Hamilton. Unfortunately, you begin to sense that something is not quite right. In fact, it is explicit on this point: "Journey over, all is mended, and it's not just for today/but tomorrow and extended, ever after." "Ever After" is the bridge between these sections, coming right at the end of the first act, and if you don't pay too much attention to it, it really does seem to be a conclusion of sorts. The genius of Into The Woods is that the first act is like a regular fairy tale with happy endings, and the second act complicates them all: people become unfaithful and get killed and stop loving each other in the same way. Along the way, it delivers little stunners like "someone to crowd you with love." And about that bridge? "Make me confused/mock me with praise/let me be used/vary my days"? It's an especially effective combination of a big, big moment in a song and a superficially mundane sentiment like "vary my days." "Someone to need you too much/someone to know you too well/someone to pull you up short/to put you through hell." Although it does have a bridge, this song mostly repeats and builds as Bobby is urged on by his friends - unlike a lot of Sondheim songs that weave and change. The story of Bobby, a man surrounded by couples and terribly skeptical about marriage, ends with this climactic admission that what is terrifying about intimacy is the same thing that is precious about it. I am, more than anything, a Company person. I invite you to hear mine, but to love yours, however you first heard them.Ī lot of the Sondheim faithful see themselves as devotees of one show above all others: they are a Sweeney Todd person, a Sunday person, a Follies person. I sent another friend a clip from Sunday In The Park With George after he had a professional disappointment. I watched a VHS tape of Into The Woods when I was babysitting in high school, and I never stopped loving it. I wasn't so much a Sweeney Todd person - it freaked me out. ![]() I can offer only the fact that, almost always, on some level, there is Sondheim music in my head it takes almost nothing to nudge it from sleep and get it tripping across my lips as I do the dishes or drive my car. Sondheim died at 91, and I encourage you to read every obit, every snippet of historical context. On the day of Stephen Sondheim's death, creating a list of his songs you will never stop playing is to invite an argument - and I do. Bernadette Peters leans forward to discuss the recording of the "Sunday in the Park with George" album with Stephen Sondheim and producer Thomas Z. ![]() ![]() You’ll need a saved voice profile in order to use “Guest Connect” so make sure you set one up. As long as you have a voice profile set up, Alexa has your voice saved. You can use Alexa to access and listen to your playlists from another Echo device by using a feature called “Guest Connect”. Here’s how to use “Guest Connect” on your Echo device:Ĭan You Listen To Your Playlists On Someone Else’s Alexa Device? This is a fantastic feature if you’re away and want to check on your home. Once you turn on “Guest Function”, you’ll be able to listen to your Alexa remotely using someone else’s device. This is a great option because it doesn’t give them full access to your device like “Drop In” does. “Press” the microphone button on your Echo to mute it.Īnother way to listen to your Alexa device remotely by using some else’s device is with the “Guest Function”.“Set” your Echo to “Do Not Disturb” mode.“Disable” contact drop ins with the Alexa app.Here’s how to avoid unwanted drop-ins on your Alexa: If you extend permissions to drop in with someone else’s Alexa, you can always cancel it later if you change your mind or no longer need the function. Keep in mind that drop in functions can be disabled at any time. But make sure you only do this with someone you absolutely trust because they’ll be able to listen in on your Alexa. Doing this extends your drop in intercom system with another persons devices. To do it, grant one of your contacts access to drop in on your Echo device. It’s possible to listen to your Alexa device remotely by using someone else’s Alexa device. Can I Listen To Alexa Remotely With Someone Else’s Device? Any sounds your Alexa picks up should be heard by your phone. Simple turn it on and select the device you want to listen to. Once the devices are paired, you can access and listen to your devices microphone with your smartphone by using the Drop In function. Once you’ve downloaded the app on your smartphone and connected your Alexa to WiFi, pair the app and device together on the same network. Yes, you can listen to your Alexa device from just about anywhere by using the Alexa app. If you lose internet or WiFi, you won’t be able to listen or give voice commands remotely. However, these features only work as long as all your devices are online. Once the system is setup properly and connected to the network, you can start listening to your Echo remotely and giving voice commands. “Confirm” Alexa is connected to your Echo.“Command” Alexa to find devices on the network.Once you set up a voice profile your Alexa device will accept your voice commands. “Log in” to your Amazon account and set up a voice profile so Alexa remembers your voice.“Connect” your Echo and phone to the same network.“Download” the “Alexa app” on your smartphone.You have to download the app and set up the device before you can do it. Listening to your Alexa devices remotely isn’t something that happens automatically out of the box. However, both the device and your smartphone must be connected to the internet to use it. Once the app is connected to your device, you can listen remotely from just about anywhere. Wait for your Alexa app to connect to the device.“Select” the “Echo device” you want to listen to.“Navigate” to “Conversations” and select “Drop In”.If you have the “Alexa app” installed on your phone, here’s how to do it: But it also allows you to listen you your Alex remotely when you’re away. This makes it easier for you to call someone in another other room if you have multiple devices hooked up to the same network. “Drop-in” is a feature that connects Alexa devices together like an intercom system. When you want to access your Alexa remotely, use the “drop-in” feature of your “app”. The “app” and your “device” must be paired.Your device is “connected to the internet” via WiFi.Your smartphone has the “Alexa app” installed.Here are the requirements to make all of this work: Once the initial setup is complete and the device in online, you can listen to it from just about anywhere. ![]() To access your Alex remotely, you need the Alexa app installed on your smartphone, the device must be connected to WiFi and your Alexa app must be paired with your device. This feature is a great way to monitor what’s going on inside your home when you’re away. Once inside the app, you can command it to turn the microphone on so you can listen to all of your devices. You can use Alexa to listen remotely if you have the Alexa app installed on your phone. ![]() ![]() ![]() You feel like from the first little video setting up the story of Avaritia, to the final doom laden chant of “game over” you could have been watching a first person entry into the franchise. The runtime, a good hour and a bit of game-play works for the feeling that you're in a movie. To go into details of the puzzles would spoil the fun, but needless to say there are two large games, and within them you are split into smaller groups meaning multiple visits could offer different games and different outcomes. The production value feels like the movies, each room you move into plucked right from one the games, smoke effects, videos (with actual Tobin Bell voicing the iconic baddie), and the acting from the on-set performers never wavers even when someone (in this case FilmHounds) makes a flippant comment. It's a challenge, and an immersive one at that, the attention to detail is astonishing. Naturally these sort of interactive things don't happen overnight, and so no one could have known about the ever growing corruption of our current regime, but money talking and poor people footing the price seems so prescient now that of course Jigsaw would have something to say. Built on the prime location of a former abattoir, the Avaritia group has fiddled the numbers so that it's obligatory 10% social housing remit can be ignored, and as faces to the corruption it's time to learn a lesson. The story of this escape experience is that you become Gold Investors in the Avaritia group's London based development program. Even spin-off Spiral: From the Book of Saw attempted some post-Trayvon Martin cop commentary, though fumbled thanks to a “one good cop” message that feels at odds in the post-BLM world. ![]() The best of the movies spoke to their time, 04's ever growing malpractice suits – made human by shallow doctor Lawrence Gordon (Cary Elwes) – through the loophole, money guzzling economy of Saw VI – epitomised by a slimy Insurance Broker (Peter Outerbridge). The brilliance of this escape room, immersive narrative, isn't just that you get to put yourself in a Jigsaw game like never before, trying to unlock the puzzles that Jigsaw has laid out for, but that it feels like it fits perfectly within the universe of the movies. Now, as the franchise appears to ramp up again for another big bout in the limelight we get Saw: The Escape Experience. Not only did that short become 2004's biggest horror hit, made on a low budget and ushering in the hero of torture porn horror, it spawned a media franchise, with eight subsequent films – and a tenth on the way, a comic book, two video-games, one mega-fun rollercoaster, board games, action figures and Halloween costumes galore. It must have been hard to imagine that when James Wan and Leigh Whannell finished up their student short film, about a deadly trap and a traumatised victim that twenty years on we would be talking about the franchise as a whole. ![]() ![]() ![]() Meyer devotional commentary, and the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge cross references. Reading Plans designed to help you grow in your knowledge of the Bible.Į-Sword X initially installs with the King James Bible and the King James with Strong's numbers study Bible, the Strong's Lexicon, Smith's Bible dictionary, F.Location Maps pin-point Biblical places on live modern maps to help bring the narrative to life!.Compare Bibles quickly to see how the different versions translate a verse.Scripture References too are just a click away and presented in a popover tooltip.Strong's Definitions are just a click away and presented in a popover tooltip.Parallel Bible of your own design for comparing passages. ![]() Rich text notes are "linked" to the Bible for easy viewing as popover tooltips! Integrated Editor for creating your own study notes, even with images.Enter as many words you want to search for and select the settings. Powerful Searches that are simple to use.All Bibles, commentaries, dictionaries, … everything is just a click away! Everything Needed to study the Bible in an enjoyable and enriching manner.e-Sword X is so easy to use, you may never need to click on the Help menu! As your Biblical library grows, you will appreciate the intuitive layout and synchronization of resources. E-Sword - one of the world's most popular PC Bible study apps - is now available on the world's most advanced desktop operating system! e-Sword X is feature-rich and user-friendly. ![]() ![]() ![]() The current number of PayPal users has surpassed 416 million people across the world. In the third quarter of 2021, PayPal has successfully transferred $310 billion for 49 billion payment transactions. With over 20 years of experience, PayPal has made its way to being the top payment gateway that powered many online businesses. PayPal was first introduced in December 1998. Besides that, it also helps store owners manage their stores more efficiently. PayPal plays the role of a “courier” who securely transfers money between e-merchants and customers. It is a fertile ground for business online transactions. PayPal is not just a simple e-wallet that allows users to send and receive money without any additional expense. Home Depot, Walmart, Target, BestBuy, Costco, Wayfair Sephora, Walgreens, SkinStore, GNC Live Well, Nutri System, Sally Beauty, Bath & Body Works, Fenty Beauty, Tarte Cosmetics, The Body Shop, Ulta Beauty, Gucci, Urban Outfitters, Macy's, SHEIN, Boohoo, UNIQLO, H&M, America Eagle, Coach Outlet, PumaĪpple, Akko, Samsung, HP, Canon, Bose, eBay, Microsoft, Crutchfield, DELL, Lenovo Categoriesīrick-and-Mortar Stores that accept PayPal Let's take a look at some well-known stores that accept PayPal. This payment gateway is also available for physical stores. Sephora, Walgreens, The Body Shop, Ulta Beauty, SkinStore, GNC Live Well, Nutri SystemĬrayola, Carter's, Buy Buy Baby, Crocs, Build-A-Bear, Barnes&Noble, Lands' Endīrick-and-mortar Stores that Accept PayPalīeing a financial behemoth, PayPal doesn't limit itself to eCommerce only. Nike, New Balance, Eastbay, Reebok, Adidas, Fanatics, Under Armour, Foot Locker PayPal Digital Gifts, Groupon, Sharis Berries, Pro Flowers, Zales, Grubhub, Fandango Safelite Auto Glass, Good Year, Tire Buyer, JC Whitney, JEGS, Tire Rack, Auto Anything Keurig, Target, Overstock, Home Depot, Houzz, Bed Bath & Beyond, Wayfair, Dyson, Sur la table J.Crew, Vineyard Vines, Michael Kors, ShoeMall, Express, Stitch Fix, Kate Spade, JCPenneyĪpple, Best Buy, Samsung, HP, Canon, Bose, eBay, Microsoft, Crutchfield ![]() MLB TV, League of Legends, Genshin Impact, Dota 2, Steam, Apple Arcade, Netflix, Epic Games, Game Planet, Aeria Game, Apple Music, Song Kick, iTunes, G2A, Spotifyįanatics, Adidas, EastBay, Eastern Mountain Sports, Foot Locker, Puma, Under Armour, Li-NingĭealExtreme, Wish, eBay, Amazon, Etsy, Target, BestBuy, Overstock, Home Depot, Costco, KrogerįraganceX, Bath and Body Works, Innisfree, Kylie Cosmetics, Shu Uemura, La Roche-Posay, Glossier, Origins, Kiehl's, Morphe, Paula's Choice, Clinique, Skin1004,Īnd here's a list of stores that accept PayPal Credit. Pandora, Jimmy Choo,, Kate Spade, Kipling, JTV, Signet Jewelers, Blue Nile, Reef, UGG, Zappos, Hermes Qatar Airways, Delta Airlines, Vietnam Airlines, Emirates, AeroGal, AirBnB, American Airlines, Singapore Airlines, British Airways, BestDay, Latam Airlines, JetBlue Airways, AeroMexico, Volaris, UnitedĪeropostale, Calvin Klein, Kenneth Cole, Carter's, ASOS, Express, KarmaLoop, Alternative, Zara, Hollister, Milanoo, Nautica, Victoria's Secret, True Religion, Forever21, UNIQLO, H&M, Celine, Valentino LitExtension, LitCommerce, HP, Brookstone, Lenovo, Play Asia, Xiaomi, Apple, PlayStation, Xbox, Microsoft, Shopify, BigCommerce, Wix, Oracle (available for some entities only), Binance Here is a list of online stores that accept PayPal in different categories. If you are wondering, “Who accepts PayPal” or “Where can I use PayPal”, you've come to the right place. Besides, in the latter part of this article, let's learn how to set up PayPal and how to create a PayPal account. Stay tuned because LitExtension – The World #1 Shopping Cart Migration Expert has compiled a complete list of stores that accept PayPal. So, the big question is, where can I buy from stores that accept PayPal? Albeit its popularity, not every virtue store add PayPal as their payment method. Along with Shopify Payments, or Shop Pay, PayPal is one of the most convenient ways to make online purchases. ![]() ![]() ![]() If the short rest is interrupted, the attunement attempt fails. This focus can take the form of weapon practice (for a weapon), meditation (for a wondrous item), or some other appropriate activity. For example, a magic shield that requires attunement provides the benefits of a normal shield to a creature not attuned to it, but none of its magical properties.Īttuning to an item requires a creature to spend a short rest focused on only that item while being in physical contact with it (this can't be the same short rest used to learn the item's properties). Without becoming attuned to an item that requires attunement, a creature gains only its nonmagical benefits, unless its description states otherwise. (If the class is a spellcasting class, a monster qualifies if it has spell slots and uses that class's spell list.) If the prerequisite is to be a spellcaster, a creature qualifies if it can cast at least one spell using its traits or features, not using a magic item or the like. If the prerequisite is a class, a creature must be a member of that class to attune to the item. This bond is called attunement, and certain items have a prerequisite for it. Some magic items require a creature to form a bond with them before their magical properties can be used. Such items grant capabilities a character could rarely have otherwise, or they complement their owner's capabilities in wondrous ways. Magic items are gleaned from the hoards of conquered monsters or discovered in long-lost vaults. ![]() ![]() It’s a tough break, but hopefully Vermithor and the other dragons will be able to fill out the fleet in season 2 - if they hope to go toe to toe with the Greens’ chonky gal. ![]() By the time Daemon makes it back from Dragonmont, Team Black is already down one dragon and one dragon rider thanks to Vhagar, the oldest, largest dragon in the world. Still, as episode 10 makes clear, winning the war isn’t just a matter of quantity. By the time we meet him here at the start of the Dance of the Dragons, he’d be about 100 years old. ![]() Wake up with a pair of sleepy dragons and the knight who must get them ready for school Dragons wake up, Dragons rise, Dragons open. (Silverwing, who Daemon mentions is coiled up with Vermithor, is Jaehaerys’ wife’s dragon - love is real.) Vermithor is described in Fire and Blood as a bronze dragon with “great tan wings,” already large when Jaehaerys was accepted as his rider. Jane Yolen, Derek Anderson (Illustrator) 3.61. Given the size of that dragon and the response to his song, this can only be Vermithor, who was King Jaehaerys’ dragon - something the show’s Twitter account confirmed. So who is the giant dragon Daemon is convening with?ĭaemon is too complicated to just be House of the Dragon’s ‘villain’ All the dragons in House of the Dragon Then it’s revealed who he is serenading: a massive dragon, who lets loose a tremendous fire burst in response. He cautiously kneels and puts the torch on the ground, as a guttural, almost alien growl is heard somewhere in front of him. To understand how a frozen sleeping dragon is awakened, we need to talk about the last two vows, Lyanna, and the Others. Ultimately, it all means going to round up more dragons.Īfter the two eldest Velaryon boys take off to woo allies, “The Black Queen” follows Daemon into a cave, lit only by a torch (no doubt to some consternation by Thrones fans who haven’t already seen to their TV settings), singing a song in High Valyrian that is almost surely a show invention. Another explanation states they are hornless creatures resembling dragons who have been cursed and thus were unable to become dragons. Melisandre, (which ironically ended up in the right place for all the wrong reasons), constantly talks about the PTWP and waking dragons from stone and clearly that is the purpose of the horn wake the sleepers. ![]() Here, it’s just Daemon (Matt Smith) at the war table reminding Rhaenyra (Emma D’Arcy) of the tools at their disposal, and the firepower they could flex if possible allies need convincing to join their side in the brewing war. In a modern, nonfantasy narrative, this would be the briefing the president gets in the war room about the other side’s nuclear capabilities. Daemon Targaryen is all over this, naturally, but one scene in the season 1 finale might throw off even the most dedicated viewers.Īs the literal name of the game (or the show, as it were), it’s no surprise that much of House of the Dragon’s season 1 finale is dedicated to taking inventory of how many dragons each side has in its command. War is afoot in House of the Dragon episode 10, but the most important weapon is up in the air: dragons. ![]() ![]() This article has been viewed 734,672 times. Quantum Health Lip Clear Lysine+ Cold Sore Treatment Soothes, Moisturizes And Relieves Tingling, Itching, Burning, Blistering And Pain Associated With Cold. pur360 manuka oil, pure and organic, 33x more powerful than tea tree oil, best natural treatment for eczema, acne, cold sores, toenail fungus, foot fungus. In this case, several readers have written to tell us that this article was helpful to them, earning it our reader-approved status. WikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. There are 15 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. She is a Member of the American Board of Pediatrics, a Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics, a Member and Delegate of the California Medical Association, and a Member of the Santa Clara County Medical Association. Pure vanilla extract is made from vanilla beans. It interacts with other ingredients in a recipe to make each bite much more flavorful. Pure Vanilla Extract If youre confused about when to use pure vanilla extract vs. Rudominer also has an MPH in Maternal Child Health from the University of California, Berkeley. What Is Vanilla Extract Vanilla extract is a flavoring agent used to enhance a variety of desserts and even savory dishes. How to Bake Everything You Need to Know About Imitation vs. Rudominer received her MD from the University of California, Davis, and completed a residency at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford University. A teaspoon of Pure Vanilla is a wonderful way to. The anti-inflammatory activity helps heal the cold sore and reduce pain. All you need to do is apply the extract directly to your cold. It can also help to fend off heart disease, high cholesterol and neurological health disorders, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Rudominer has over 15 years of medical care experience and specializes in preventive health care, obesity, adolescent care, ADHD, and culturally competent care. McCormick Pure Vanilla derives its rich subtle flavor from the finest quality imported Vanilla Beans. Soak a cotton ball with vanilla extract and hold it in place for one to two minutes do this four times daily until the cold sore heals. Youll need to make sure youre using 100 pure vanilla extract, instead of imitation vanilla. Andrea Rudominer is a board certified Pediatrician and Integrative Medicine Doctor based in the San Francisco Bay Area. ![]() ![]() This article was co-authored by Andrea Rudominer, MD, MPH and by wikiHow staff writer, Hannah Madden. ![]() ![]() ![]() In summary, the authors’ results show that regardless of the nature of the controlled intermittent cardiac overload the heart responds favourably and undergoes adaptive hypertrophy. The latter finding is of particular importance because it can indicate an enhanced capacity to support cardiomyocyte energetic cost without compromising the ATP that is needed to maintain intracellular homeostasis. The exercise and simulated exercise groups had lower body weight, faster cardiac relaxation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and improved mitochondrial complex IV and V activity. Following an 8 week protocol, the authors collected data at rest and during cardiac overload induced by banding of the aorta. To answer their question the authors compared three groups of animals: (1) Sedentary+Placebo, (2) Exercise, and (3) Sedentary+Dobutamine (simulated exercise: similar haemodynamic demand to the exercise group). In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, a group of researchers form Portugal performed a study to address the question of whether submitting the heart to intermittent and tolerable amounts of stress, independent of its nature, could induce a cardiac phenotype that would fit within the ‘physiological’ spectrum (Moreira-Goncalves et al. For example, very high intensity/duration exercise can result in unfavourable cardiac structural and electrical cardiac remodelling. Indeed, even the benefits of exercise can be dose dependent. However, data also implicate duration and intensity of the cardiac overload in determining whether the cardiac hypertrophy that develops is ‘pathological’ or ‘physiological’. 2014).Īlthough both types of cardiac hypertrophy are initiated by an overload to the heart, the distinct differences between the two can be attributed to the type of overloading stimuli. In addition, exercise training has been shown to be the only practical and sustainable countermeasure capable of providing cardioprotection by improving myocardial tolerance to ischaemia–reperfusion injury (e.g. On the other hand, ‘physiological’ cardiac hypertrophy can be provoked by exercise training and can lead to increase cardiac size that is characterized by normal cardiac morphology with a normal and/or enhanced cardiac function (Ooi et al. Two common causes of pathological cardiac hypertrophy are high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart valve stenosis, and this type of hypertrophy is considered to be a major independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality (Meijs et al. ‘Pathological’ cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that is characterized by the thickening of the heart muscle, a decrease in the size of the chambers of the heart, and a reduced capacity of the heart to pump blood to the tissues and organs around the body. ![]() |